Compare Products Side-by-Side

Detailed side-by-side comparison of specifications, features and latest prices in India.

Specification	Samsung Galaxy A35 5G ₹21,999 Prices and availability may change on the seller's site View Price	iQOO Z10R 5G ₹20,399 Prices and availability may change on the seller's site View Price	Vivo T4X 5G ₹18,499 Prices and availability may change on the seller's site View Price	Moto G67 Power 5G ₹16,999 Prices and availability may change on the seller's site View Price	POCO X7 5G ₹17,999 Prices and availability may change on the seller's site View Price	iQOO Z10 5G ₹23,999 Prices and availability may change on the seller's site View Price	Realme P4 5G ₹23,999 Prices and availability may change on the seller's site View Price	Samsung Galaxy A17 5G ₹18,999 Prices and availability may change on the seller's site View Price
General
In The Box	Handset, USB Type-C to USB-C cable, SIM ejector pin, Quick Start Guide	Phone, 44W FlashCharge Adapter, USB Type-C Cable, Phone Case, SIM Eject Tool, Quick Start Guide, Warranty Card	Handset, 44W Charger, USB Type-C Cable, Phone Case, SIM Ejector Tool, Quick Start Guide, Protective Film (pre-applied), Warranty Card	Handset, 33W charger, USB Type-C cable, SIM ejector tool, documentation	Mobile Phone, 45W Charger, USB Type-C Cable, Protective Case, SIM Ejector Tool, Quick Start Guide, Warranty Card	iQOO Z10 5G smartphone, 90W Flashcharge adapter, USB Type-C cable, protective case, SIM ejector tool, quick start guide, pre-applied protective film, warranty card	Realme P4 5G unit, USB Type-C cable, 80W power adapter, protective case, SIM ejector needle, quick start guide	Handset, 25W USB Type-C charger, USB Type-C cable, SIM eject pin, quick start guide, warranty card
Model Name	SM-A356E, SM-A356E/DS, SM-A356B, SM-A356B/DS, SM-A356U, SM-A356U1	iQOO Z10R 5G	Vivo T4X 5G	Moto G67 Power 5G	POCO X7 5G	iQOO Z10 5G (PPD1AKU7730P)	P4 5G (RMX5110)	Samsung Galaxy A17 5G
Launch Date	11/03/2024	24/07/2025	05/03/2025	05/11/2025	09/01/2025	11/04/2025	20/08/2025	28/08/2025
Colors	Awesome Iceblue, Awesome Lilac, Awesome Navy, Awesome Lemon	Aquamarine, Moonstone	Marine Blue, Pronto Purple, Glacial Teal	Pantone Parachute Purple, Pantone Blue Curacao, Pantone Cilantro	Glacier Green, Cosmic Silver, POCO Yellow	Glacier Silver, Stellar Black	Steel Gray, Engine Blue, Forge Red	Black, Blue, Grey
Brand	Samsung	iQOO	Vivo	Motorola	POCO	iQOO	Realme	Samsung
OTG Support	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Display
Display Size	6.6, 16.76	6.77, 17.2	6.72, 17.07	6.7, 17.02	6.67, 16.94	6.77, 17.2	6.77, 17.2	6.7, 17
Resolution	1080, 2340 pixels	1080, 2392 pixels	1080, 2408 pixels	1080, 2400 pixels	1220, 2712 pixels	1080, 2392 pixels	1080, 2392 pixels	1080, 2340 pixels
Resolution Type	FHD+ (1080 x 2340 pixels)	FHD+ (Full HD+)	FHD+ (Full HD Plus)	Full HD+	1.5K FHD+	FHD+ (1080 x 2392 pixels, 20:9 aspect ratio)	FHD+ (1080 x 2392 pixels)	FHD+ (1080 × 2340 pixels)
Refresh Rate	120Hz	120Hz	120 Hz	120 Hz	120Hz with dynamic switching (60Hz/90Hz/120Hz)	120 Hz	144Hz	90Hz refresh rate
Display Type	Super AMOLED	AMOLED	IPS LCD, Color LCD	LCD (IPS) with Gorilla Glass 7i protection	AMOLED (CrystalRes)	AMOLED with 16.7M colors	AMOLED (HyperGlow AMOLED), 1B colors, HDR10+	Super AMOLED (sAMOLED)
Display Design	Flat with punch-hole notch	Quad-Curved Display	Single Punch Hole (Centrally positioned)	Flat display (no curved edges)	3D Dual-Curved Display	Quad-Curved edge design with punch-hole notch	Flat display with single punch-hole cutout	Flat Infinity-U (waterdrop) display with slim bezels
Brightness	1000 nits (HBM/Peak brightness)	1800 nits (peak), 1300 nits (HBM)	1050 nits HBM (High Brightness Mode)	High Brightness Mode up to 1050 nits	3000 nits (peak), 1200 nits (HBM), 500 nits (typical)	5000 nits peak brightness (local), 1300 nits HBM	1600 nits (HBM), 4500 nits (peak brightness)	Up to 800 nits (HBM, tested)
Screen Protection	Corning Gorilla Glass Victus+	Schott Xensation Alpha (Diamond Shield Glass)	Standard glass front (no Gorilla Glass mentioned)	Corning Gorilla Glass Victus 7i	Corning Gorilla Glass Victus 2	Shield Glass protection with drop-resistant film, twice-strengthened laminated glass, wet-hand touch technology	Gorilla Glass	Corning Gorilla Glass Victus
Body
Dimensions	161.7 x 78.0 x 8.2 mm	163.3 x 76.7 x 7.4 mm	165.7 x 76.3 x 8.09 mm (8.19 mm for Marine Blue variant)	166.23 × 76.50 × 8.60 mm	162.3 x 74.4 x 8.4 mm	163.4 x 76.4 x 7.9 mm	163.34 x 75.88 x 7.58 mm	164.4 x 77.9 x 7.5 mm
Weight	209 grams	184 g	204g (Pronto Purple), 208g (Marine Blue)	210 g	185.5g (190g with eco-leather back)	199 grams	185g	192 g
Build Material	Glass front (Gorilla Glass Victus+), plastic frame, glass back	Premium finish with Quad-Curved design	Glass front, Plastic back, Plastic frame	Front glass (Gorilla Glass 7i) and vegan-leather back (aluminum/alloy frame)	Glass (Gorilla Glass Victus 2) + Aluminum frame + Silicone polymer/eco-leather back	Plastic back with gradient finish, plastic frame	Glass front, plastic frame, plastic back	Gorilla Glass Victus front, glass fiber reinforced plastic back, plastic frame
Ports	USB Type-C 2.0, dual microphone, speaker	USB Type-C, No 3.5mm Jack	USB Type-C 2.0, No 3.5mm headphone jack	USB Type-C 2.0 port; 3.5 mm headphone jack	USB Type-C 2.0, No 3.5mm headphone jack	USB Type-C 2.0	USB Type-C 2.0, no 3.5mm headphone jack	USB Type-C port, hybrid SIM/microSD tray
IP Rating	IP67 (dust & water resistant up to 1m for 30 minutes)	IP68 + IP69 (Dust-tight; Water-resistant up to 1.5m for 30 minutes)	IP64 (Dust tight, water resistant to splashes)	IP64 (dust and splash resistant)	IP68/IP69 - Dust tight, water resistant up to 1.5m for 30 minutes	IP65 (splash and dust resistant), MIL-STD-810H certified	IP65 & IP66 (dust tight and water resistant to high-pressure water jets)	IP54 dust and splash resistant
Stereo Speakers	Yes, hybrid stereo speakers	Yes, Dual Stereo Speakers	Yes, Dual Stereo Speakers with Immersive Audio	Stereo speakers (Dolby Atmos support)	Yes - Dual stereo speakers with Dolby Atmos	No stereo speakers	Yes, dual immersive stereo speakers	Single bottom-firing mono loudspeaker (no stereo speakers)
Audio Features	Dual Mics, Noise Reduction Algorithm	aptX HD, Dolby Atmos, Dual Mics	Ultra Volume Mode	3.5mm Audio Jack, Hi-Res Audio Certification, Dolby Atmos, Dolby Digital, Spatial Audio, Dual Mics with Noise Cancellation	LHDC, Dolby Atmos	aptX HD, Dual Mics with Noise Cancellation	Hi-Res Audio Certification, Dual Mics with Noise Cancellation	USB Audio Output
Processor
Operating System	Android 14 (One UI 6.1 at launch, upgradeable to Android 15/One UI 7 & Android 16/One UI 8)	Android 15 with Funtouch OS 15	Android 15 with Funtouch OS 15	Android 15 (Hello UX)	Android 14 with Xiaomi HyperOS	Android 15 with Funtouch OS 15	Android 15 with Realme UI 6.0	Android 15 with One UI 7
Chipset Brand & Model	Samsung Exynos 1380 (5nm)	MediaTek Dimensity 7400	MediaTek Dimensity 7300	Qualcomm Snapdragon 7s Gen 2 (4 nm)	MediaTek Dimensity 7300 Ultra (TSMC 4nm)	Qualcomm Snapdragon 7s Gen 3 (SM7635)	MediaTek Dimensity 7400 Ultra 5G	Samsung Exynos 1330 (5 nm)
CPU Type	Octa-core (4x2.4 GHz Cortex-A78 & 4x2.0 GHz Cortex-A55)	Octa-core (4x ARM Cortex-A78 @ 2.6GHz + 4x ARM Cortex-A55 @ 2.0GHz)	Octa-core (4x Cortex-A78 @ 2.5 GHz + 4x Cortex-A55 @ 2.0 GHz)	Octa-core Kryo CPU (4×2.4 GHz Cortex-A78 + 4×1.95 GHz Cortex-A55)	Octa-core (4x2.5 GHz Cortex-A78 & 4x2.0 GHz Cortex-A55)	Octa-core (1x Cortex-A720@2.5GHz + 3x Cortex-A720@2.4GHz + 4x Cortex-A520@1.8GHz)	Octa-core (4x2.6 GHz Cortex-A78 & 4x2.0 GHz Cortex-A55)	Octa-core (2x2.4 GHz Cortex-A78 & 6x2.0 GHz Cortex-A55)
Core Count	8-core (4x2.4 GHz Cortex-A78 + 4x2.0 GHz Cortex-A55)	Octa-core	8-core Octa-core processor	Octa-core	Octa-core (8 cores)	Octa-core, 2.5 GHz	Octa-core (4x2.6 GHz Cortex-A78 & 4x2.0 GHz Cortex-A55)	Octa-core CPU
Clock Speed	Up to 2.4 GHz (peak)	2.6 GHz	Up to 2.5 GHz	4×2.4 GHz Cortex-A78 + 4×1.95 GHz Cortex-A55	2.5 GHz (Max)	Up to 2.5 GHz	Up to 2.6 GHz	Up to 2.4 GHz performance cores
GPU	Mali-G68 MP5 (949 MHz)	ARM Mali-G615 MC2	Mali-G615 MC2	Adreno 710 GPU	Mali-G615 MC2	Adreno 810 (256 shading units, 1050 MHz)	ARM Mali-G615 MC2	Mali-G68 MP2
Camera
Rear Camera Setup	Triple camera: 50MP main (f/1.8, OIS) + 8MP ultrawide (f/2.2) + 5MP macro (f/2.4)	50MP Sony IMX882 OIS + 2MP Depth	Dual rear camera setup: 50MP wide-angle + 2MP depth sensor	50 MP, f/1.8 (Sony LYTIA600 sensor, 0.8µm pixel, Quad Pixel 2.0, PDAF) 8 MP, f/2.2 (ultra-wide, 118° view)	Triple camera setup: 50MP (f/1.5) + 8MP (f/2.2) + 2MP (f/2.4) with OIS and LED flash	50MP Sony IMX882 AI main camera + 2MP depth sensor	Dual rear camera: 50MP (OV50D40) f/1.8 main + 8MP f/2.2 ultra-wide	Triple rear camera: 50MP main (OIS) + 5MP ultrawide + 2MP macro
Front Camera	13MP wide-angle camera (f/2.2)	32MP 4K Selfie Camera	Single 8MP wide-angle front camera with punch hole design	32 MP, f/2.2 (Quad Pixel 2.0, 0.7µm)	20MP front camera with f/2.2 aperture, screen flash	32MP f/2.0 wide-angle selfie camera with screen flash	Single 16MP f/2.4 front camera with screen flash	Single 13MP front camera in Infinity-U notch
Flash Type	LED flash	LED Flash	LED Ring Flash	Dual LED flash	LED Flash (main camera)	LED flash on rear camera	LED flash (rear), screen flash (front)	Single rear LED flash
Zoom Features	Digital zoom up to 10x (no optical zoom)	10x Digital Zoom (up to 20x supermoon mode)	Digital zoom only, no optical zoom	8× high-res digital zoom	Digital zoom with AI enhancement	Digital zoom available, no optical zoom	Digital zoom support	Up to 10x digital zoom (no optical zoom)
Video Recording	4K@30fps, 1080p@30/60fps, gyro-EIS, Super HDR, OIS on main camera	4K @ 30fps (Rear & Front), 1080p @ 30/60fps with Hybrid EIS	4K @ 30fps (UHD), 1080p @ 30fps (FHD)	Rear main camera: 4K UHD @30fps, FHD @60fps Front: UHD/FHD @30fps All cameras support 4K recording	4K@24/30fps, 1080p@30/60/120fps with OIS and Gyro-EIS	Rear: 4K@30fps, 1080p@30/60fps \| Front: 1080p@30fps	4K@30fps, 1080p@30/60/120fps with gyro-EIS	Rear: up to 1080p 30fps with EIS; Front: up to 1080p 30fps
Battery
Capacity	5000 mAh	5700 mAh	6500 mAh	7000 mAh	5500 mAh	7300 mAh	7000 mAh	5000 mAh
Fast Charging Support	25W wired charging	44W FlashCharge	44W Vivo Flash Charge	30W wired (TurboPower)	45W wired turbo charging	90W Flashcharge	80W Ultra Charge (0-50% in 25 minutes, 0-100% in ~75 minutes)	25W wired fast charging via USB Type-C
Wireless Charging	No wireless charging support	Not supported	No wireless charging support	No	No wireless charging support	No wireless charging supported	No wireless charging support	Not supported
Reverse Charging	No reverse charging support	Yes, Reverse Wired Charging	Yes, USB Type-C reverse wired charging	Not supported	No reverse charging support	Yes, reverse wired charging supported	Yes, 10W reverse wired charging for charging other devices	Not supported
Memory & Storage
RAM	6 GB, 8 GB, 12 GB	8 GB, 12 GB	6 GB, 8 GB	8 GB	8 GB	8 GB, 12 GB	6 GB, 8 GB	6 GB, 8 GB
RAM Type	LPDDR4X	LPDDR4X	LPDDR4X	LPDDR4X	LPDDR4X	LPDDR4X	LPDDR4X	LPDDR4X
Internal Storage	128 GB, 256 GB	128 GB, 256 GB	128 GB, 256 GB	128 GB, 256 GB	128 GB, 256 GB	128 GB, 256 GB, 512 GB	128 GB, 256 GB	128 GB, 256 GB
Expandable Storage	Yes, via microSD card up to 1TB	Not supported	No microSD card slot available	None (no microSD slot)	No microSD card slot - not expandable	No microSD card slot, storage not expandable	No microSD card slot - storage not expandable	Yes, microSD card support up to 2TB (hybrid slot)
Memory Card Type	microSDXC	Not Supported	Not Supported	Not Supported	Not Supported	Not Supported	Not Supported	microSD, microSDHC, microSDXC
Storage Type	UFS 2.1	UFS 2.2	UFS 3.1	UFS 2.2	UFS 2.2	UFS 2.2	UFS 3.1	UFS 2.2
Network
SIM Configuration	Dual SIM: Nano-SIM + Nano-SIM or Nano-SIM + eSIM	Dual Nano-SIM (Dual Standby)	Dual Nano-SIM with Hybrid slot	Dual SIM (Nano-SIM + Nano-SIM)	Dual Nano-SIM + eSIM	Dual Nano-SIM with dual standby	Dual Nano-SIM (hybrid slot)	Hybrid dual SIM (nano + nano or nano + microSD)
SIM Type	Nano SIM	Nano SIM	Nano SIM	Nano SIM	Nano SIM	Nano SIM	Nano SIM	Nano SIM
Supported Network Bands	2G: GSM 850/900/1800/1900; 3G: HSDPA 850/900/1700/1900/2100; 4G: LTE Bands 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,12,13,17,20,25,26,28,32,38,40,41,66; 5G: Bands 1,3,5,7,8,26,28,40,41,66,77,78 SA/NSA/Sub6	GSM 850/900/1800/1900; HSPA 800/850/900/2100; 4G: 1,3,5,8,19,28,38,40,41,42; 5G: n1,n3,n5,n8,n28,n40,n77,n78 (SA/NSA)	2G: GSM 850/900/1800/1900; 3G: HSDPA 850/900/2100; 4G: Bands 1, 3, 5, 8, 20, 28, 38, 40, 41; 5G: n1/n3/n5/n8/n28B/n40/n77/n78	5G bands n1/n2/n3/n5/n8/n28/n38/n40/n41/n77/n78 4G LTE bands 1/2/3/5/8/28/38/40/41/42 3G 1/2/5/8; 2G 2/3/5/8	5G: n1/n3/n5/n7/n8/n20/n28/n38/n40/n41/n66/n77/n78 (SA/NSA/Sub6) \| 4G: B1-B8, B18-B20, B28, B38, B40-B42, B48, B66 \| 3G: B1-B8, B19 \| 2G: GSM 850/900/1800/1900	2G: GSM 850/900/1800/1900 \| 3G: HSDPA 800/850/900/2100 \| 4G: 1,3,5,8,28,38,40,41 \| 5G: n1,n3,n5,n8,n28B,n38,n40,n41,n77,n78	2G: GSM 850/900/1800/1900; 3G: HSDPA 850/900/2100; 4G: 1,3,5,8,28,40,41; 5G: n1,n3,n5,n8,n28B,n40,n41,n77,n78 (SA/NSA)	5G SA/NSA bands (including n1/n3/n5/n7/n8/n26/n28/n40/n41/n77/n78, market dependent), 4G LTE, 3G, 2G
5G/4G/3G Support	2G, 3G, 4G LTE, 5G Sub6	2G, 3G, 4G LTE, 5G	2G, 3G, 4G LTE, 5G (SA/NSA)	5G (sub-6 GHz), 4G LTE, 3G WCDMA, 2G GSM	5G (Sub-6 GHz), 4G LTE, 3G HSPA+, 2G GSM	5G Sub-6, 4G LTE, 3G, 2G GSM	5G SA/NSA, 4G LTE, 3G HSDPA, 2G GSM	Supports 5G, 4G LTE, 3G, 2G networks (SA/NSA 5G)
VoLTE/VoNR	VoLTE support	Yes, VoLTE & VoNR	VoLTE with Dual Standby, VoNR support	Yes (4G VoLTE and 5G VoNR supported)	VoLTE (Dual standby) and Vo5G/VoNR support	VoLTE (HD Voice) with dual standby, VoNR support for 5G calling	Dual VoLTE with VoNR support	Supports VoLTE, dual VoLTE, VoWiFi and VoNR (carrier-dependent)
Connectivity
Wi-Fi	Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)	Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax)	WiFi 6 (802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/6), Dual-band 2.4/5GHz	Wi-Fi 5 (802.11 a/b/g/n/ac) dual-band (2.4 & 5 GHz)	Wi-Fi 6 (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/6), dual-band	Wi-Fi 5 (802.11 a/b/g/n/ac), dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz	Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) and Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) dual-band	Wi‑Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band
Bluetooth	Bluetooth 5.3	Bluetooth 5.4	Bluetooth 5.4	v5.1	Bluetooth 5.4 with A2DP, LE, LHDC codec	Bluetooth 5.2 with A2DP, LE, aptX HD	Bluetooth 5.4 with A2DP and LE support	Bluetooth 5.3
NFC	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
USB Type	USB Type-C 2.0	USB Type-C 2.0	USB Type-C 2.0	USB Type-C 2.0	USB Type-C 2.0	USB Type-C 2.0	USB Type-C 2.0	USB Type-C 2.0
GPS/Navigation	GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BDS, QZSS	GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, BeiDou, QZSS	GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou (BDS), QZSS	Yes (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, BeiDou)	GPS, GLONASS, BDS, GALILEO, QZSS with A-GPS	A-GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS	GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou multi-system navigation	GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS
Internet Connectivity	5G, 4G LTE, 3G, 2G, Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.3, USB tethering, hotspot	5G, 4G LTE, 3G, 2G, Wi-Fi, Hotspot, USB Tethering	2G, 3G, 4G LTE, 5G, WiFi, USB Tethering, Bluetooth Tethering	5G, 4G LTE, 3G, 2G, Wi-Fi	5G, 4G LTE, 3G, Wi-Fi 6, tethering	5G, 4G LTE, Wi-Fi 5, Dual SIM, Dual Standby	5G, 4G LTE, 3G, Wi-Fi hotspot, USB tethering, Bluetooth tethering	Mobile data (5G/4G/3G/2G), Wi‑Fi, hotspot, USB and Bluetooth tethering
WLAN Hotspot	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
FM Radio	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Features
Sensors	Fingerprint (under display optical), accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, proximity (virtual), light sensor, hall sensor	Fingerprint, Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Proximity, Compass, Ambient Light	Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Proximity Sensor, Ambient Light Sensor, E-Compass/Magnetometer	proximity, ambient light, accelerometer, gyroscope, e-compass, SAR sensor	Fingerprint (under-display optical), Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Compass, Proximity (ultrasonic), Ambient Light Sensor, IR Blaster	In-display optical fingerprint, accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity, e-compass, ambient light, color temperature sensor	Fingerprint (in-display optical), accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity, ambient light, color temperature, e-compass, rear infrared	Side fingerprint, accelerometer, gyroscope, virtual proximity, ambient light, geomagnetic (compass)
Fingerprint Scanner	In-display (Optical)	In-display (Optical)	Side-mounted	Side-mounted	In-display (Optical)	In-display (Optical)	In-display (Optical)	Side-mounted
Face Unlock	Yes, 2D face recognition	Yes, 3D Face Recognition	2D face recognition	Yes (via front camera)	AI-powered face recognition	AI-powered 2D facial recognition	AI-powered 2D face recognition	Face unlock using front camera (2D facial recognition)
Special Features	Samsung Knox Vault security, Vapor chamber cooling (70% larger), Nightography with improved NPU, Vision Booster for outdoor visibility, Super HDR, Panorama mode	IP68/IP69 rating, MIL-STD-810H military-grade durability, Aura Light studio fill light, AI Erase 2.0, Circle to Search, AI Screen Translation, Underwater Photography, Extended Virtual RAM up to 12GB	AI Erase, AI Photo Enhance, AI Documents, AI Screen Translation, Circle to Search, Ultra Game Mode, 4D Game Vibration, MIL-STD-810H Military-Grade Durability, TÜV Rheinland Eye Protection, IR Blaster	MIL-STD-810H durability, AI assistant (Google Gemini), Dolby Atmos & Hi-Res Audio support, Pantone-validated color gamut, “Water Touch” technology for wet handling.	IR Blaster for remote control, Wet Touch Display 2.0, AI Gallery, AI Image Expansion, AI Erase Pro, Google Gemini integration, 3-year OS update guarantee	IR Blaster for remote control, wet-hand touch technology, AI night portrait, super night mode, 4D game vibration support, MIL-STD-810H military-grade durability certification, Circle to Search with Google	IR remote control for AV devices, Hyper Vision AI Chip for visual enhancement, Dual-mic noise cancellation, Dynamic RAM expansion (up to 10GB extra), AI Gaming Coach, Bypass Charging for gaming, AI Editor features	IP54 rating, Samsung Knox security, up to 6 OS upgrades and 6 years of security updates, NFC payments, Gemini Live hardware key (region-dependent)